ABSTRACT
Background: The health of women and children are eternally linked and when the health of women and child improves, life improves by every measure. Deaths associated with child birth were so common that societies developed cultural coping strategies or traditional practices. The objective of the study is to assess natal and neonatal care practices in rural areas of Lucknow district.Methods: The present study was carried out in the rural areas of Lucknow district. Study unit was recently delivered women (RDW), who gave birth to live newborn in last 1 year in rural areas of Lucknow for a period of 12 months. It was community based cross sectional study. A total of 368 RDW were interviewed. Multi stage random sampling technique was used to select RDW.Results: Majority cited all the reasons for preferring institutional delivery (58.2%) followed by those citing it cheaper or better services (17.4%) each and incentive (7.4%) respectively. Weight of baby was 2.5 to 3.5 kg in maximum cases (88%) followed by <2.5 kg (10.3%) respectively. Majority did not have any complication at birth (87%). Exclusive breast feeding was reported by majority (81%).Conclusions: Community needs to be appraised regarding performance and important positive achievement of MCH services in relation to health status of mother and neonate in their respective areas through community participation and will make the community more respective towards availing of accredited social health activist (ASHA) services. Proper provisioning of auxiliary nurse midwiferys, ASHAs and lady health workers would facilitate improvements in rural areas.
ABSTRACT
Background: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obesity has become a global public health issue and is widely recognized as a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and many other health problems. The objectives of present study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with socio-demographic factors amongst school-going adolescents in Lucknow district.Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional study and was carried out in urban and rural areas of Lucknow, from January 2018 to June 2018. Sample size was 620. A multi-stage random sampling technique has been used to select the required sample size. Data analysis was done using software MS Office excel and SPSS 18 for windows.Results: A total of 620 adolescents were studied. Majority (82.1%) of adolescents were found to be non-overweight/obese while 17.9% were found to be overweight/obese. Majority (66.7%) of students were overweight or obese, belonging to social class I while only 15.7% students were overweight or obese belonging to social class V.Conclusions: The results of our study show that overweight/obesity continues to be a public health concern in adolescents. The current study shows that adolescent overweight and obesity are increasing even in low socio-economic status. Emphasis should be placed on awareness program for obesity prevention among school students by strengthening lifestyle change.
ABSTRACT
Background: Iodine is an essential element for thyroid function, necessary for the normal growth, development and functioning of the brain and body. In India, about 200 million people are already affected with IDD. In India, about 200 million people live at risk of IDD, whereas more than 71 million people are suffering from goiter and other IDDs. Aims and objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence of goiter in Lucknow district. 2) To study the level of urinary iodine excretion of the study population. 3) To study the salt consumption pattern in Lucknow district. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out amongst School children in the age group of 6 to 12 years in urban and rural areas of Lucknow district over a period of one year. A sample size of 400 was estimated. A pre structured & pre tested questionnaire was used to interview. Data was Tabulated on Microsoft excel and, analysis was carried out using Chi square test & other necessary statistical test as appropriate, using software SPSS 17.0 version. Results: A total No. of 400 children were studied. In urban areas 54% were males and 46% were females. Mean age of children were found to be 9.22 years with standard deviation of 2.28. By history, majority (79.8%) of the families were using iodized salt and only 20.3% were using non-iodized salt. Over all prevalence of goiter was 12.7%. Prevalence of goiter was more in rural areas (18%) than in urban areas (7.5%). Prevalence of goiter was more among females (19.9%) than in males (6.8%). Conclusions: To conclude, findings of the present study demonstrates that prevalence of goitre was high (12.7%) among children in Lucknow district and therefore it constitutes a public health problem in this region. Strict implementation of salt iodization and marketing in hard to reach areas is recommended as a measure to control the situation.